القسم الثامن: نظام العقوبات في الإسلام (الحدود والديات والعقوبات)

Section Eight: The Penal System in Islam (Hudud, Diyat, and Ta'zir Punishments)

قال رسول الله ﷺ «ادْرَؤُوا الْحُدُودَ عَنِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ، فَإِنْ وَجَدْتُمْ لِلْمُسْلِم مَخْرَجًا فَخَلُّوا سَبِيلَهُ، فَإِنَّ الإِمَامَ لأَنْ يُخْطِئَ فِي الْعَفْوِ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ يُخْطِئَ فِي الْعُقُوبَةِ».

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Turn away the hudud (fixed punishments) from the Muslims as much as you can. If you find a way out for a Muslim, then let him go; for it is better for the imam to err in pardoning than to err in punishment."

قال رسول الله ﷺ «إِذَا ظَهَرَ الزِّنَا وَالرِّبَا فِي قَرْيَةٍ فَقَدْ أَحَلُّوا بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ عَذَابَ اللَّهِ».

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "When fornication and usury appear in a village, they have brought upon themselves the punishment of Allah."

قال رسول الله ﷺ «أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّمَا أَهْلَكَ الَّذِينَ مَنْ قَبْلَكُمْ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا إِذَا سَرَقَ فِيهِمُ الشَّرِيفُ تَرَكُوهُ وَإِذَا سَرَقَ فِيهِمُ الضَّعِيفُ أَقَامُوا عَلَيْهِ الْحَدَّ، وَأَيْمُ اللهِ لَوْ أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ مُحَمَّدٍ سَرَقَتْ لَقَطَعْتُ يَدَهَا».

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "O people, what destroyed those before you was that when the noble among them stole they left him alone, and when the weak among them stole they applied the hudud to him. By Allah, if Fatimah bint Muhammad stole, I would cut off her hand."

قال رسول الله ﷺ «تَعَافَوا الْحُدُودَ فِيمَا بَيْنَكُمْ، فَمَا بَلَغَنِي مِنْ حَدٍّ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ».

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Avoid applying the hudud among yourselves; whatever hudud reaches me has become obligatory (to apply)."

قال رسول الله ﷺ «كُلُّ ذَنْبٍ عَسَى اللهُ أَنْ يَغْفِرَهُ، إِلاَّ مَنْ مَاتَ مُشْرِكًا، أَوْ مُؤْمِنٌ قَتَلَ مُؤْمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا».

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Every sin is perhaps one that Allah will forgive, except the one who dies associating partners with Allah (a mushrik), and a believer who intentionally kills a believer."

قال رسول الله ﷺ «لا تُعذِّبُوا بِعَذَابِ اللهِ».

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Do not punish with the punishment of Allah."

قال رسول الله ﷺ «لا تُقَامُ الْحُدُودُ فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ».

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Hudud punishments must not be carried out in the mosques."

قال رسول الله ﷺ «لا تُقْتَلُ نَفْسٌ ظُلْمًا إِلَّا كَانَ عَلَى ابْنِ آدَمَ الْأَوَّلِ كِفْلٌ مِنْ دَمِهَا لِأَنَّهُ أَوَّلُ مَنْ سَنَّ الْقَتْلَ».

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "No soul is unjustly killed except that the first of the sons of Adam bears a share of its blood, for he was the first to introduce killing."

قال رسول الله ﷺ «لا تَقْتُلْهُ، فَإِنْ قَتَلْتَهُ فَإِنَّهُ بِمَنْزِلَتِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَقْتُلَهُ، وَأَنْتَ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقُولَ كَلِمَتَهُ الَّتِي قَالَ».

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Do not kill him; for if you kill him, then he will be in your position before you killed him, and you will be in his position before he utters the word that he said."

قال رسول الله ﷺ «لا يَزَالُ العَبْدُ فِي فُسْحَةٍ مِنْ دِينِهِ مَا لَمْ يُصِبْ دَمًا حَرَامًا».

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "A person remains within the expanse of his religion as long as he has not shed unlawful blood."

قال رسول الله ﷺ «يَا أَنَسُ، كِتَابُ الله الْقِصَاصُ».

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "O Anas, the Book of Allah is qisas (retaliation)."

قال رسول الله ﷺ «مَنْ أَحْسَنَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ لَمْ يُؤَاخَذْ بِمَا عَمِلَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَمَنْ أَسَاءَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ أُخِذَ بِالْأَوَّلِ وَالْآخِرِ».

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever does good in Islam will not be held accountable for what he did in the age of ignorance (jahiliyya), and whoever does evil in Islam will be held accountable for both the earlier and the later (deeds)."

قال رسول الله ﷺ «مَنْ أَصَابَ حَدًا فَعُجِّلَ عُقُوبَتُهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا فَاللَّهُ أَعْدَلُ مِنْ أَنْ يُثَنِيَ عَلَى عَبْدِهِ الْعُقُوبَةَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ، وَمَنْ أَصَابَ حَدًا فَسَتَرَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَعَفَا عَنْهُ فَاللَّهُ أَكْرَمُ مِنْ أَنْ يَعُودَ إِلَى شَيْءٍ قَدْ عَفَا عَنْهُ».

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever incurs a hudud and his punishment is hastened in this world—Allah is more just than to defer punishment for His servant in the Hereafter; and whoever incurs a hudud and Allah conceals him and pardons him—Allah is more generous than to return to something He has pardoned."

قال رسول الله ﷺ «مَنْ ضَرَبَ غُلَامًا لَهُ حَدًا لَمْ يَأْتِهِ، أَوْ لَطَمَهُ فَإِنَّ كَفَّارَتَهُ أَنْ يُعْتِقَهُ».

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever strikes his slave boy with a punishment that does not actually take effect, or slaps him, then his expiation is to free him (manumit him)."

قال رسول الله ﷺ «مَنْ قَتَلَ عَبْدَهُ قَتَلْنَاهُ، وَمَنْ جَدَعَ عَبْدَهُ جَدَعْنَاهُ».

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever kills his slave, we will kill him; and whoever mutilates his slave, we will mutilate him."

«نَهَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَنِ الضَّرْبِ فِي الوَجْهِ وَعَنِ الوَسْمِ فِي الوَجْهِ».

The Prophet ﷺ forbade striking the face and forbade branding the face.

قال رسول الله ﷺ «يَا أُسَامَةُ، أَتَشْفَعُ فِي حَدٍّ مِنْ حُدُودِ اللهِ».

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "O Usama, will you intercede in any of the hudud of Allah?"